Introduction J. Hattie & E. Anderman Section 1. Understanding Achievement E. Anderman & J. Hattie 1.1 Defining student achievement Thomas R. Guskey 1.2 Academic Achievement: An Elementary School Perspective Alan Bates, Rena Shifflet & Miranda Lin 1.3 Academic Achievement: An Adolescent Perspective R. Trent Haines & Christian E. Mueller 1.4 Adult Education and Achievement M Cecil Smith 1.5 Academic Achievement: A Higher Education Perspective Terrell L. Strayhorn 1.6 Developmental Education for Adults and Academic Achievement Joshua D. Hawley & Shu Chen Chiang Section 2. Influences from the Student Mimi Bong 2.1 Entry to School Collette Tayler 2.2 Piagetian Approaches Philip Adey & Michael Shayer 2.3 Entry to Tertiary Education Emer Smyth 2.4 Physical activity Janet Clinton 2.5 Gender influences Judith Gill 2.6 Engagement and Opportunity to Learn Phillip L. Ackerman 2.7 Behavioral Engagement in Learning Jennifer Fredricks 2.8 Goal Setting and Academic Achievement Dominique Morisano & Edwin A. Locke 2.9 Self Reported Grades and GPA Marcus Crede & Nathan R. Kuncel 2.10. Conceptual Change Stella Vosniadou & Panagiotis Tsoumakis 2.11 Social motivation and academic motivation Tim Urdan 2.12 Attitudes and dispositions Robert D. Renaud 2.13 Personality influences Meera Komarraju 2.14 Academic self-concept Herbert W. Marsh & Marjorie Seaton 2.15 Self efficacy Mimi Bong 2.16 Motivation Dale H. Schunk & Carol A. Mullen 2.17 Friendship in school Annemaree Carroll, Stephen Houghton & Sasha Lynn 2.18 Indigenous and Other Minoritized Students Russell Bishop 2.19 Low Academic Success David A. Bergin 2.20 Learning Difficulties in School R. Allan Allday & Mitchell L. Yell Section 3. Influences from the Home Andrew Martin 3.1 Resident and Non-Resident Fathers William Jeynes 3.2 Home Environment Burkhard Gniewosz & Jacquelynne S. Eccles 3.3 Socioeconomic Status and Student Achievement Jeanne Brooks-Gunn & Erin Bamgarner 3.4 Welfare Policies Lisa A. Gennetian & Pamela A. Morris 3.5 Family-School Partnerships and Academic Achievement Andrew J. Martin 3.6 Parent Involvement in Learning Wendy S. Grolnick, Jacquelyn N. Raftery, & Elizabeth S. Flamm 3.7 Maternal Employment and Achievement Rachel G. Lucas-Thompson & Wendy A. Goldberg 3.8 Television and Academic Achievement Andrew J. Martin Section 4. Influences from the School Catherine Bradshaw 4.1 Charter Schools and Academic Achievement Ann Allen 4.2 Ability Grouping Ed Baines 4.3 Evaluating and Improving Student-Teacher Interactions Anne H. Cash & Bridget K. Hamre 4.4 Mixed-grade elementary-school classes and student achievement Linley Cornish 4.5 School-Based Mental Health Erin Dowdy, Matthew P. Quirk, & Jenna K. Chin 4.6 Achievement in Faith-Based Schools L. Mickey Fenzel 4.7 Class size John Hattie 4.8 Financing Schools Eric A. Hanushek 4.9 Influences of School Layout and Design on Student Achievement C. Kenneth Tanner 4.10 Grade Retention Shane R. Jimerson & Jacqueline A. Brown 4.11 Inclusive Education Geoff Lindsay 4.12 School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports and Academic Achievement Kent Mcintosh, Sophie V. Ty, Robert H. Horner, & George Sugai 4.13 School Connectedness Clea Mcneely 4.14 Teacher Mentoring, Coaching, and Consultation Elise T. Pas & Daniel S. Newman 4.15 The Link between Student Mobility and Academics Bess Rose & Catherine P. Bradshaw 4.16 Service Learning Shelley H. Billig 4.17 Single-Sex Schools and Academic Achievement Shirley L. Yu & Isabel Rodriguez-Hejazi 4.18 Summer School and Student Achievement in the United States Jordan D. Matsudaira 4.19 Within Class Grouping: Arguments, Practices, and Research Evidence Yiping Lou 4.20 Special Education and Academic Achievement Benjamin Zablotsky & Michael S. Rosenberg 4.21 Social and Emotional Learning and Academic Achievement Jessika Zmuda & Catherine P. Bradshaw 4.22 Middle School Transitions Eric M. Anderman Section 5: Influences from the classroom Julia