Bibliografía: p. 333-357

Introduction: Syrian Water-Wheels: an Age-old Tradition; Source Materials and Approach; Relevant Available Literature; Open forms of Water Architecture: The Water-Wheels; Technical and Historical Aspects; Structural and Functional Characteristics; The Problem of Terminology; The Typology: General Characteristics; Machines Moved by Animals; Machines Moved by Water; Machines Moved by Men; Formation and Evolution of Water-Wheels: the Problem of the Origin; Analysis of Sources: Textual and Archaeological Sources; Architectural Treatises; Syrian Water-Wheels in Historical Sources Syrian Hydraulic Norias: Introduction; The diffusion; Architecture and Landscape; Management and Maintenance; Dating; Types of Installation; Masonry Works; Variations in Masonry Works design; Originality in design. An analysis; of some case Studies; The Wheel; Observations; Hydraulic Noria in East Syria; Installations in use in other parts; Of the World: A Comparison; With the Syrian typology; Masonry Works; The Wheels; Observations; Progress, Change and Sustainability: The decline of Syrian Water Wheels; Hydraulic Works in the Orontes Valley; Management of irrigation systems; Sustainable development.